Role Of Physical Education In School - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1953 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category Education Essay Level High school Tags: Physical Education Essay Did you like this example? Physical education classes are being eliminated from school curriculums across the nation, but they should remain for the many benefits students receive from them. Physical education can help students now and in their future, by helping them grow physically, mentally, academically, socially and by giving them a greater appreciation for diversity. Adding kinesthetics within the classroom will benefit students that learn through movement. Without proper physical education, students could become obese and encounter many health problems in their future. 1. Why Physical Education Is Being Removed Physical education courses are being removed from many schools due to lack of funding and academics. States are becoming less strict in implementing the requirements for physical education classes. According to the National Association for Sport and Physical Education The American Heart Association (2016), elementary students should have 150 minutes of physical activity a week, but only 37 percent of states comply with this recommendation. These students are being deprived of physical activity and it can negatively affect them. While middle schools and high schools should provide 225 minutes of physical activity per week, only 29 percent of states require this (National Association for Sport and Physical Education American Heart Association, 2016). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role Of Physical Education In School" essay for you Create order These numbers are shocking because there are rules in place to keep students active for a reason and some states are not following them. In order to have education classes, one must have funds to support the teachers, equipment, and facilities. The law regarding physical education funds was changed to cut these programs in order to save the districts money for other academic purposes (Rado Page, 2017). Standardized testing has taken over many schools as a number one priority, leaving classes such as physical education to fall on the back burner. Schools push for excellence on standardized testing and this has been emphasized over the past few years. Sixty-two percent of states are allowing schools to give students the option of taking another course rather than physical education (National Association for Sport and Physical Education American Heart Association, 2016). This causes students to shy away from physical education, leaving those programs less appreciated by administration . 2. Physical Education Benefits Students Immediately Physical education programs are being cut, but the need for them is still prominent. These classes will provide immediate and future benefits for all students. Students that are introduced to physical education while in school could experience healthier lifestyle tools to benefit them in the future. Students actively engaged in physical education will leave socialized, focused and more diversified through inclusion. In a study done by the American Journal of Public Health, they exposed students to different time amounts of doing physical activities. All students were given tests to complete for math and for reading; only specific students were exposed to roughly 70-300 minutes of physical activity a week. The results showed that girls aged kindergarten through fifth grade displayed academic improvement (Carlson, et al., 2008). The girls aged kindergarten through fifth-grade Income Reporting Threshold (IRT) scores went up 2.4 points for reading and 1.5 points for math. The physical activity the girls were participating in showed increasing scores, supporting the point that physical education helps students with academics. Students sitting in a classroom all day and getting around 15-30 minutes of physical activity could not reach their academic potential. Physical activity increases blood flow to the brain while working the heart to maintain efficiency and increase mental sharpness. (Klien Hollingshead, 2015) If students were to get more physical activity than just the required amount, students could increase their academic performance. Inclusion in a classroom is beneficial for students with and without disabilities. While in a physical education classroom, students with learning disabilities might be able to get out of their seats and move around (Klien Hollingshead, 2015). Bringing in students with decreased mental capabilities but the ability to work well in a classroom that provides kinesthetic learning can have many benefits. With so many learning types, one can design a curriculum that meets all students physical education needs. Bringing in students with special needs will allow variety for teaching students with the basis of universal design (Grenier, Miller Black, 2017). A student who best learns kinesthetically may benefit more through physical education. For example, if there is a student that has difficulty throwing things but can walk quite well, the teacher may design an activity that involves walking or running for that student. Playing games such as tag or kickball are other ideas that would involve everyone in the class. Allowing everyone to participate in an activity will help introduce the students to a greater sense of diversity. Overall, universal design to meet all students needs in the classroom is crucial in order to help all stu dents meet their academic goals. Mainstreaming is beneficial for both groups of students in a physical education classroom (Lindsay, 2007). When using these strategies, students are put into a classroom at specific times instead of being in a physical education class. This allows both students with and without disabilities to get help on content in other classes in the areas they are lacking. This was problematic because they were not getting the physical activity they need to help them develop academically and physically. Students with learning disabilities need to have some kind of physical activity incorporated into their curriculum since they are at greater risk for health problems caused by longer periods of inactivity (Klien Hollingshead, 2015). One solution to helping these students achieve physical activity is incorporating universal design into the physical education class. Students without disabilities may not have the same struggles as the students with disabilities would. This is an imbalance that can be accounted for when universal design is applied. It can be difficult for many teachers to properly include students with disabilities due to not having the proper education. This will help narrow the gap between students with disabilities and students without disabilities. Physical activity can have a positive impact on depression, anxiety, and ADHD (Robinson, Segal, Smith 2018). Physical activity releases endorphins to the brain that can make one feel better and clearer minded in the classroom. This is important knowledge for students that could be experiencing these psychological problems. It can boost their mood and give them a change in pace throughout their day. Instead of sitting in a classroom, they are out moving around and focusing their attention on something more positive. Participating in physical activity also helps students grow in their academics and their own well-being. It is common for students to become stressed about school; exercise can help reduce stress levels and any stress symptoms that cause students to become unfocused in school (Robinson, Segal, Smith 2018). By taking away physical activity from the curriculum, students are missing out on what could really benefit them in all aspects of school. When letting off excess energy, blood flow increases to the brain allowing more focus and concentration by working the heart and helping s tudents mental sharpness. Oxygen is also released to the brain when introduced to increased physical activity. This will help students in the classroom directly when trying to focus on a lesson. 3. Physical Education Benefits Students in the Future Obesity is a growing problem that needs to be controlled. In the past year, the life expectancy of a person who is overweight has decreased by 6% (Neigmond Neel, 2017). One way to reduce obesity among students is to educate them on the negative effects of living an unhealthy lifestyle. According to the most recent survey, in 1999 14% of students ages 2 to 19 were obese and today, 18.5 percent of students are obese (McCoy, 2018). This increase in students with obesity could decrease with proper education starting in elementary. Teaching students about the benefits of eating right and exercising will help them in their future. Obesity increases the risk of developing heart disease or diabetes and could potentially affect them for their entire life unless controlled (Berman et. al. 2018). When students are growing up it is important to give proper education in the classroom to ensure they understand fully how unhealthy habits could negatively affect them in the future. Physical education helps with many different bodily functions, and also helps the body in the long run because it helps self-esteem (Robinson, Segal, Smith, 2018). Learning at an early age how your self-esteem is affected by physical activity will help you understand as an adult that it is an important factor in life that needs to be positive. If everyone was knowledgeable about physical education there would likely be fewer health problems or diseases caused by inactivity in adolescents. If students are practicing healthy lifestyles and learning about implementing physical activity in their daily lives, they are more likely to keep up the healthy, physical lifestyle as they get older. 4. Implementing Physical Education In The Classroom Physical education has been shown to increase academic performance and implementing it in the classroom would benefit each student. In a mainstreamed classroom, there are students of all kinds of academic and physical levels. In order to meet the needs of all students, universal design must be the main factor in lesson planning. Giving students mental breaks or allowing them to get up and turn in papers are a few examples to keep blood flowing and minds focused. For students with a disability, create a lesson where all students can participate (Grenier, Miller, Black, 2017). This would include a simple and fun activity that does not just allow those with a disability to participate. By including all personnel across the board this will help each and every student develop a greater sense of diversity. Every part of a physical education classroom can be altered to involve students with a disability to ensure their learning, as well a s those without a disability. Another way to include all students is to make changes to the activity so that it involves everyone (Grenier, Miller Black, 2017). For example, in a physical education classroom where a game of kickball is being played disabled students in a wheelchair would still be able to participate. When starting the class, one will want to stretch the students muscles out to ensure they will not hurt, pull or strain them. A physical education teacher can implement simple modifications to ensure the students that are unable to walk can participate. Students in a wheelchair can stretch their arms out and get looser to throw the ball since this is likely how they will participate in the class. When it is their turn to kick the ball, they could throw it instead, or someone else could kick it for them. For the student to run, another person that is able to run could push the student in a wheelchair to the next base. While in the field, the student in the wheelchair could be the catcher and throw the ball back to the pitcher if possible. There will be other students to help receive the ball for the disabled student, this doesnt take away from their involvement but rather, it helps to make sure they are having the same experience as the other kids in the class. At the end of the kickball game, students give each other high fives and say good game to ensure good sportsmanship. Every student should do this to give them a sense of community and the idea that it is a fun friendly game for everyone to play, not just students without a disability. By implementing the student with a disability in the classroom, it will help the other students become more diversified when around them. Taking physical education classes out of school curriculums could result in negative effects, including obesity, low academic performance, poor social skills and a lack of acknowledgment for diversity. Physical education is essential in school curriculums to help students develop in the classroom now and maintain a healthy lifestyle later.

Ethical And Legal Obligations In Accounting Essay

According to Marshall (2004), accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information about an organization for the purpose of making decisions and informed judgements (p. 3). Specifically, financial accounting refers to the process that results in the preparation and reporting of financial statements for an entity (Marshall, McManus, Viele, p. 5). While many entities prepare their own financial statements, firms can also contract with a public accounting firm or a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) to perform services such as reviewing or compiling statements. (A CPA is a professional designation granted by individual states.) 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Report on Innovation and Business Development Organization Conduct

Question: Describe the Report on Innovation and Business Development for Organization Conduct. Answer: Introduction Knowledge is an essential base for any organization to conduct its activity. An organization might posses a view that knowledge is an objected which can be transferred in the form of words and some organizations believes that knowledge is something which is best learnt by practice. SECI model has widely contributed to the study on tacit and explicit knowledge and which contributes better in the working of the organization. The relationship model also helps in understanding the relationships formed in an organization between the activity links, resources and actors and how it is beneficial for the organization. The customer and supplier uncertainties also underline the factors that affect the business of the organization (Hess Ostrom, 2011). The Xerox Corporation is the company which has been taken as an example throughout the report to understand the concept in a better manner. Knowledge as possession view is rooted in which knowledge is considered as an object. The adoption of this view suggests that knowledge is considered as an object which could be captured and used as a resource from the database for the organizational development. It could be used as a base for innovation and development. It is a theoretical and methodological aspect. It is a classical view and could be easily recognized in the expressions of the organization (Biggiero, 2012). Xerox Corporation is an organization that has knowledge sharing culture though out the company since its inception (Knowledge management in practice, 1999). Knowledge as practice is relatively a modern view. The organization believes in the practical learning approach and on the go learning. It is also related with the ability of an individual to process the information and perform the actions. As per this view, practices that are performed by an individual could not be separated by their knowledge because it is collective in nature. A firm opinion of this view is that machines can process the information but not knowledge, which is processed by the individuals during their practices (Evans, Hardy, 2010). Xerox corporation also believes that learning from own experience is also equally important as learning through somebody else is. The company has made a community where all the employees are to share their practical lessons of learning at work (Knowledge management in practice, 1999). Epistemology of Procession The nature of knowledge in possession is said to be derived from an intellectual process and is disembodied entity. It is mostly facts and has distinct categories. The nature suggests that this knowledge is explicit and is privileged over tacit knowledge with the perspective of sharing. This knowledge could be shared, transferred and the organization could be benefited with it. It is easy to share in words and numbers (Virtanen, 2010). Epistemology of Practice The nature of knowledge in practice is said to be derived from a process that is done on the go. It is based on the know-how and is rooted to the personal experience of an individual. It cannot be coded, objective or easily shared in words and numbers. This kind of knowledge is embodied in practice and is inseparable in doing. It is socially constructed and embodied in people. It can be contested and challenged. Knowledge in practice is considered multidimensional in nature. Tacit and explicit are constituted mutually and are inseparable. Nonakas Framework Nonaka has immensely contributed to the subject to knowledge contribution. The SECI model contributed works on explicit and tacit knowledge in the organizational learning and knowledge management (Frost, 2012). Knowledge creation and the transfer of knowledge is important for organizational development. How knowledge is created, shared, combined, interpreted and applied in an organization is outlined in this model (Huysman, Wit, 2002). Socialization is done in tacit to tacit knowledge. The learning could be passes through guidance, practice, observation and imitation of the practices. Externalization is done from tacit to explicit. This conversion mechanism is deemed difficult but is important. Tacit knowledge is difficult to be coded or written down but it is done so in the manual documents so that it could be spread through the entire organization since tacit knowledge is impossible to codify the conversion mechanism becomes dateable. Combination is done in explicit to explicit and is the simplest form to codify the sources of knowledge in documents to combine and create a new knowledge base. Internalization is done from explicit to tacit where the sources of explicit are used and the knowledge is modified by the tacit user and his existing explicit knowledge. The knowledge is continuously converted and created. This process is seen as a continuous process which is dynamic in nature and there is a swirl of knowledge. This model is strongly linked with the applicability in the culture of an organization. This model is the core of knowledge conversion. Organizational example- At Xerox Corporation, knowledge is considered tacit as well as explicit. To share the knowledge the company has a developed a community where tacit knowledge can be spread amongst all the members of the company. The company believes that it is a never ending learning process and it encourages all its employees to be a part of this community. Relationship A Conceptual Model (Actor Bonds/Activity Links/Resource Ties) A relationship is a base of activities in any organization. It is a result of interaction process to develop connections between two parties. There are dimensions in any relationship which affects the business of the organization. The first dimension is substance of a relationship. There are three layers of substances- activity link, resource ties and actor bonds. Activity link is when a relationship links activities between two parties that connect them for various activities. Second is the resource layer or ties that occur when a relationship develops and connects the various resources and elements that are needed by both the parties. These resources or elements could be used for optimum benefits by both the parties in a relationship. The third layer is an actor. Actor becomes connected when bonds are established and when it affects how actor perceives, evaluate and be with each other on this relationship. All these three layers of substance add up to form a relationship. This relationship is important for the functioning of any business organization (Ford, 2012). Relationship Facets (Operational Resource/Influence others) In an organization, every relationship is linked with one another. Every activity is linked with another activity. The operational resources or human resources in an organization play an important role in developing relationships. They have a positive or a negative impact in the organization. Every organization has its operational resources in place, and they play a role in connecting other to the organization. The policies and practices decided and lay down the by these resources facilitate the working culture of the organization. This positive relationship creates a positive influence on the people. These resource acts as the first layer in the organization. The form an activity link between the people involved. Activity link is the second layer. Actors are the people involved in this relationship, and they are the last layer. If the resources form a positive link with the actors the influence made is positive and the organization develops a good formation for itself. If these reso urces fail to develop a positive bond, the impact is negative and the relationship in an organization is not developed (Boudreau, Hopp, McClain, Thomas, 2002). Customer Uncertainties (Need/Market/Transaction uncertainties) Every organization has to deal with the constantly changing business environment. The business environment is under constant change and is subjected to constant market variations. These variations in the trend, preferences, income, behaviour results in the needs and demands of the customers. if the trend is positive then the demand for the product would be more, if the demand is negatively affected then the business of the organization would be negatively affected. These customer uncertainties pose a constant challenge for the organization. An organization has to constantly update with the needs and wants of the market and it results in transaction uncertainties (Jong Nooteboom 2002). Supplier Uncertainties (Capacity/Application/Transaction uncertainties Any business functioning in the market has to be under constant pressure to deal with the market trend. This sometimes creates a situation where suppliers are restricted due to market uncertainties. These market uncertainties affect the production capacity because of difficulty in applicability. For instance, due to up gradation in the technology, there is a change in consumer demand; this would negatively affect the current business scenario of the company. A company has to update its current technological status to meet the demands of the consumer. There might be certain issues with the applicability and that might lead to transaction uncertainties that means the company might not be able to deliver as per the current scenario of the market demand because of the lack of capacity to meet the demands due to changes in the applicability of the new technology. These supplier uncertainties affect the business in a negative manner (Brennan, Canning McDowell, 2014). Organizational example- Xerox Corporation has developed a relationship model where the relationships between the actors, links and ties are analyzed and developed. The company has also developed a strong relationship with its internal resources and internal actors. Analysis of consumer uncertainties is a major part the company undertakes, and analysis of their own uncertainties in the business environment is also analyzed. The community is developed to thoroughly understand this constantly evolving business environment (Knowledge management in practice, 1999). Conclusion Knowledge is best learnt by practice because that teaches every individual a different lesson. This reports concludes that every organization has its own ways of passing on the knowledge, its own way of forming the relationships between the actors, links, and resources, and certainly that every organization is very much impacted by customer uncertainties and suppliers uncertainties. All these factors are analyzed by an organization and these impact the productivity and working. Knowledge serves as base for any organization in the way it conducts its operations and how largely it progresses from its learning and this is reflected in the way knowledge is shared in Xerox Corporation. References Biggiero, L. (2012). Practice vs. Possession: Epistemological Implications on the Nature of Organizational Knowledge and Cognition. (p. 1). U.S.: IGI Global. Retrieved from URL: https://www.irma-international.org/viewtitle/63259/ Boudreau, J., Hopp, W., McClain, J., Thomas, L. (2002). On the Interface Between Operations and Human Resources Management. Retrieved on 24th October 2016, from URL: https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1062context=cahrswp Brennan, R., Canning, L. McDowell, R. (2014). Business-to-Business Marketing. U.S. SAGE. Evans,T. Hardy, M. (2010). Evidence and Knowledge for practice. U.K. Polity, 2010. Ford, D. (2002). Understanding Business Marketing and purchasing: An interaction Approach. U.K.: Cengage Learning EMEA Frost, A. (2012). The SECI Model and Knowledge Conversion. Retrieved on 24th October 2016, from URL https://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/knowledge-conversion.html. Hess,C. Ostrom, E. (2011). Understandind Knowledge as a Commons: From Theory to Practice. U.S. MIT Press. Huysman, M., Wit, D. (2002). Knowledge Sharing in Practice. U.S. Springer Science Business Media Jong, G., Nooteboom, B. (2002). The Causal Structure of Long-Term Supply Relationships: An Empirical Test of a Generalized Transaction Cost Theory. Germany: Springer Science Business Media Powers, V. (1999). Knowledge management in practice.I.18. . Retrieved on 24th October 2016, from URL: https://www.providersedge.com/docs/km_articles/Xerox_Creates_a_K-Sharing_Culture.pdf Virtanen, I. (2010). Epistemological Problems Concerning ExplicationofTacit Knowledge. Vol. 11, No. 4, Journal of Knowledge management practice.